PATTERNS OF SUBSISTENCE 

Foraging

It is the most ancient of human subsistence that had started 10,000 years ago. It is the method of acquiring food through hunting and gathering. They use only one domesticated animal that is dog.

1) Equestrian (hunting on horseback)

2) Pedestrian (hunting on foot)

3) Aquatic (hunting on boats)

Pastoralism

It is the raising and caring of farm animals like goat, horses, and sheep. All the animals being raised are herbivorous. Owning large herds are symbol of wealth. They only do small scale of farming.

1) Nomadism: they are very independent and have no permanent location to live.

2) Transhumance: the change their location according to the seasons.

Horticulture

It is farming which is done in small scale of domesticated food plants. Some horticulturalists are not only farmers they even produce, sell and exchange in local market. Horticulturalist migrate form one place to another in search of more fertile land and adequate resource of water. They do not use fertilizers, pesticides and mechanical items. 

Intensive agriculture

It began 5000 years ago. It is farming which done in large scale. The use of fertilizer, pesticide and mechanical items are used. The development of intensive farming methods became necessary as the human population grew in some major river valleys to levels beyond the carrying capacity of the environment using horticulture and pastoralism